यह नोट्स “Night Attack (Raat Ka Hamla)” से संबंधित एक महत्वपूर्ण सैन्य अध्ययन सामग्री है, जिसमें रात के हमले के कारण, तरीके, स्टेज, प्लानिंग, फॉर्मेशन और ऑपरेशन के सभी पहलुओं को विस्तार से समझाया गया है।
1.
Maujuda jamane mein hawai khatra aur naye hathiyaron ki fire power zyada hai aur rukawatein itni khatarnak hain ki raat ke samay harkat aur hamla karna kai halaton mein lazmi hoga.
2.
Shatru ki un mazbut posn par jismein sp arms aur rukawaten, jaise ki mines aur tarar achhi tarah lag chuki hon, din ke samay hamla karna mushkil hoga. Is tarah ki posn par cas se bachne ke liye aur kamyabi hasil karne ke liye raat ke samay hi hamla karna padega.
3.
Raat ke hamle mein chand ek bade nuksan aur khatre hain. Command aur cont kaafi mushkil hai aur dikhao kam hone ki wajah se commanders ki misal jawanon par kam asardar hai. Andhere mein rukh kayam na rehne ka andesha hai, jisse ki cont kho sakta hai aur betartibi paida ho sakti hai. Is khatre ko achchhe discipline sikhai aur durust taiyari se kaafi kam kiya ja sakta hai. Jo tps raat ke ops mein mahir aur bharose wale hote hain woh kam sikhai paye hue dushman se asani se nipat sakte hain.
4.
Raat ke hamle ki buniyadi baten din ke hamle ki tarah hi hain. Inmein sirf itni tabdili ki jayegi jitni ki raat ki khas halat se samna karne ke liye zaruri hai. Durust khabar sada tazwij aur tafsil mein taiyari raat ke hamle ki kamyabi ke liye bahut zaruri hai.
5.
Raat ka hamla khas kar inf ka hi kaam hai, kyon ki andhere mein armour ka istemal mushkil hoga. Chand ki roshni aur zamin ki halat agar ijazat de to kuch had tak inko bhi istemal kiya ja sakta hai.
Raat ko Hamla karne ki Wajah
- Niche likhe hue karanon se ham raat ko hamla karte hain:
(a) Surprise hasil karne ke liye.
(b) Armour, Artillery aur hawai madad na hone ya kam hone ki wajah se.
(c) Hath se mine fd mein gap banane ke liye.
(d) Obj par apna anti-tk def kayam hone se pahle hi shatru ke armour ke saath counter attack ke khatre ko kam karne ke liye.
(e) Shist liye hue fire se bachne ke liye.
(f) Hawai dekhbhal se chhupao hasil karne ke liye.
(g) Apni sikhai ka faida hasil karne ke liye aur shatru ke morale girane ke liye.
(h) Shatru ke def aur rest area mein ghuskar betartibi paida karne ke liye.
(j) Kamyabi ko badhane ke liye.
Night Attack Ki Qismein
- Raat ka hamla shor wala (noisy) ya khamosh (silent) ya dono ka mila hua ho sakta hai. Khamosh hamle ka yeh faida hai ki is se surprise hasil hone ki ummid zyada hai. Khamosh hamla khatam hone se pahle aam taur par hamesha shor wala ban jata hai. Is liye zaruri fire plan ka pahle se bandobast hona chahiye taki jaldi se amal mein laya ja sake. Khamosh hamle ke liye niche di hui batein zaruri hai:
(a) Hamlawar tps unche darze ki sikhai pae hue hon.
(b) Ilaqe khamosh harkat ke qabil ya mausam kharab ho.
(c) Chune hue ilaqe mein shatru chaukanna ya hoshiyar na ho.
(d) Hamle se pahle apni patrolon se ‘No Man’s Land’ par chhaya jaye. Raat kaafi andheri ho.
(e) Raste mein anti pers mines na ho.
- Asal mein bahut hi kam mauqon par khamosh hamla mumkin hoga. Khamoshi ke sath karwai aam taur par raiding parties ke liye hi lagu hai.
Night Attack Ke Darje
- Raat ka hamla bhi din ke hamle ki tarah niche diye hue darzon mein bata jata hai:
(a) Taiyari ka darza (Preparatory Stage).
(b) Hamle ka darza (Assault Stage).
(c) Dobara Tartib ka darza (Re-org Stage).
Taiyari Ka Darja
- Taiyari ke darje mein recce ki jati hai, tajwiz banai jati hai, hukum diye jate hain aur bandobast ki karwaiyan puri ki jati hain. Taiyari ke andar Bn darje par grouping, navig ka, ladne wale tps aur sp arms ka aage badhna aur bandobast ki karwai shamil hai. Agar waqt ijazat de, to rehearsal bhi ki jati hai.
- Tazwij banane ki tartib din ke hamle ki tarah hi hai magar khas baten jo ki raat ke hamle se talluq rakhti hain niche ke paras mein di gai hain.
- Recce. Yeh din ke hamle ki tarah hi hogi, magar khas taur par raste, zamini nishan aur rukawaton par dhyan diya jayega yeh karwai patrolon se, din ke samay dekh bhal se aur naqsh e air photo ka istemal se ki jati hai. Zamini nishan raat ke hamle mein rukh kayam rakhne mein madad dete hain. Agar mumkin ho sake to Sec Cdr tak din ke samay aage aa kar in ki zamin par waqfiyat hasil karenge.
13. Sadharan Plan
Plan sadharan hona chahiye kyonki raat ke waqt control aur harkat mushkil hota hai. Plan ko sadharan banane ke liye:
(a) Hukum aur briefing clear aur detail mein ho.
(b) Cont ke zaria shamil achchha fire discp taki apne tps ko apne fire se nuqsan na ho.
14. Surprise.
Hala ki raat ke attack mein kudrati surprise shamil hai lekin aajkal shatru ke paas raat ke waqt observation karne ke liye vibhin prakar ke yantra hai. Shatru ko surprise karne ke liye ucch level par diversion ityadi ka bandobast karna padega.
15. Objective.
Raat ke hamle mein obj aisa hona chahiye ki asani se pehchana ja sake aur phailao mein chhota ho. Obj aisa hone se cont aur rukh kayam rakhna asan hota hai.
16. Frontages.
Raat ke hamle mein frontage bahut chhota hoga. Frontage ka phailao, andhera, zamin ki banawat, shatru ki nafri aur uske lagne ki tariqe par munhasir hai. Koi bhi admi kisi bhi waqt apne nazdik wale ki nazar ya milap se bahar nahi hona chahiye. Agar frontage zyada chauda hoga, to shayad milap tut jaye jisse ki hamla karne wale tps ka apas mein ladne ka dar hai. Agar raste mein koi hai to frontage ki chaudai, gapon ki tadad, jagah aur chaudai par munhasir hai. Bn ke darze par dikhao ka khyal rakhte hue frontage 300 se 400 gaz tak aur Coy ke darze par 150 se 200 gaz tak ho sakta hai.
17. Formation.
Fmn is tarah ki honi chahiye ki cont aur rukh kayam rakhne mein madad de. Yeh zamin ki banawat aur rukawat par munhasir hai. Sec mein single file ya file mein apas mein mile hue ya extended line mein ho sakte hain. Coy ke andar har ek admi apne nazdik wale ki nazar mein hona chahiye. Res coys, jab ki zarurat na ho FUP mein rakhe jate hain, taki shatru ke us DF se bach sake jo ki hamlawar tps par uski FDL ke paas pahunchne par girega.
18. Hamle ka Rukh.
Bn ki darze par hamle ki compass bearing Bn Cdr se milegi. Hamlawar companian hamle ke dauran niche di hui madaton ke zariye rukh ko kayam rakh sakte hain:
(a) Navig party se milap rakh kar (Bearing check karna).
(b) Tracer rd se.
(c) Zamini nishanon se (Zyada se zyada logon ko obj dikhakar).
(d) Arty barrage se.
(e) Dushman ke fire se.
(f) Coy/pl mein saf-saf haden bant kar.
19. Advance ki Raftar.
Agar raste mein koi rukawat nahi hai aur dikhao ki halat achhi hai to adv ki raftaar 2 ya 3 min mein 100 gaz mumkin hai. Lekin iske khilaf agar rasta mushkil ho, dikhao ki halat kharab ho aur rukawaton se paar hona ho to adv ki raftaar 5 se 6 min mein 100 gaz ho sakti hai ya isse zyada samay bhi lag sakta hai. Adv ki raftaar Bn Cdr apne hukumon mein bata deta hai.
20. Assembly Area.
Hamlawar tps jab ki assy area ko move kar rahe hon to eqpt jitna halka ho sake hona chahiye. Yeh saaf taur se hukumon mein bata dena chahiye ki admion par kitna ration, amn aur re-org mein khudai karne ke liye kitne tool le jaye jayenge. Assy area mein wohi karwaiyan ki jayengi jo ki din ke hamle mein ki jati hain.
21. FUP aur SL.
FUP din ke hamle ki obj ke najdik chuna jata hai. SL aksar FUP ke agla kinara hoga. FUP aur SL ko patrolon ke zariye hifajat karna zaruri ho sakta hai, FUP ko mark karna Bn ki zimmedari hai. Yeh karwai aam taur par inf sec se ki jati hai. Coys aur RP sec se in ki madad ke liye admi mukarrar kiye jate hain. FUP mein pahunchne se pahle coys ko guide milenge, jo ki guide karke unke apne-apne ilaqe mein le jayenge. Khule ilaqe mein, Raat ke Hamle mein Battalion ka FUP Mein Form Up Hone Ka Namuna Appx ‘O’ mein diya gaya hai.
22. Navigation.
Battalion intelligence officer intelligence sec ki madad se Assy area se FUP tak ke raste ko tape aur agar mumkin ho to dhaki hui light se mark karne ka zimmedar hai. Navigation party hamlawar coys ke beech center line par chal kar obj tak guide karne ki zimmedari hai. Navigation party ki banawat aur kaam Appx ‘AA’ mein diye gaya hai.
23. H Hour.
Aage wale tps jis time par start line ko paar karte hain, us ko H hour kahate hain. Yeh time Bn Cdr sahib ki taraf se mil jata hai. Pl ke darje par jawanon ko time batane ki bajaye, start line paar karne ke liye koi ishara muqarrar honi chahiye. Attack ki kai karwaiyon ke time H hour se liye jate hain. Misal ke taur par 81.mm mor ke fire H hour se 10 min pahle shuru hona hai aur H hour 10 min baad chalte rehna hoga usko zahir karne ke liye dikhaya jata hai 81.mm mor fire karegi H minus 10 se H plus 10 min tak. H hour ko nikalne ka tariqa Appx AB mein dekhen. H hour in baton par nirbhar hoga:-
(a) Chaand ka phase.
(b) Assembly aur form up karne ke liye waqt.
(c) Obj par assault, ladai, rukawaton ko bhedne aur support weapon ko aage le jane ke liye samay.
(d) Dobara tartib ki karwai ke liye waqt.
(e) Shatru ki patrolling ki aadat.
24. Fire Plan.
Fire plan niche ke mutabiq ho sakta hai:-
(a) Shor wala. Yeh fire plan zyada tar din ke hamle ki tarah hi hota hai, lekin achanak nikalne wale tgts par fire lena karib karib na mumkin hai aur on call fire support bahut hi khatarnak hai, pahle to fire lene wale ko shayad yah malum nahin hoga ki woh kahan par hai aur yah bhi saaf nahin malum hoga ki dakhal andaji kis qism ki hai aur kis taraf se aa rahi hai. Dusri baat shayad kisi ko yah malum nahin hoga ki saath wali Coy kahan tak pahunch chuki hain aur apne fire ke khatre mein hain ya nahin. Is liye in baton ka faisla karne mein kaafi waqt jaya ho jata hai.
(b) Khamosh. Is tarah ke hamle mein surprise tut jane ke baad hamlawar tps ko madad dene ke liye pahale se hi fire plan banai jati hai, jo ki surprise tutte hi jaldi se jaldi amal mein layi ja sake. Jab khamosh hamla shor wala ban jata hai, to fire support mein wohi dikkaten aati hain jo ki shor wale mein batai gai hain. Bn Cdr yah faisla karte hain ki khamosh hamla kab shor wala banega.
(c) Shor Wala Aur Khamosh Mila Jula Kar. Yeh aam taur par istemal kiya jata hai aur ismein yah karwai aam taur par is tarah se hoti hain:-
(i) Shuru mein khamoshi ke saath aage badhna.
(ii) Obj par bhari tadad mein fire girana jab ki hamlawar tps muqarrar ki hui jagah tak pahunch gaye hon.
(iii) Tps ka covering fire ke nazdik pahunchana.
(iv) Fire uthate hi hamla karna. Is tariqe ke hamle mein surprise nahi rehta, yeh khatra bhi nahin rehta ki apne tps obj ke itne nazdik pahunch jaye ki pahle se muqarrar shuda fire lena mumkin na ho jaye.
25. Zubani Hukum.
Raat ke hamle ki hukum din ke hamle ki banisbat zyada tafsil mein dena chahiye, kyon ki ismein chhote leaderon ko pahal karne ka mauka bahut kam hota hai, jab ki hamla banai hui tazwij ke anusar na chale. Pl darze par raat ke hamle ki hukumon ki baten Appx ‘AC’ mein di gai hain.
26. Hamle Ka Daria.
Hamla jahan tak mumkin ho sake din ki tarah hi kiya jayega. Raste mein shatru ke jitne bhi posn milen unko saaf karna chahiye kyon ki unko chhod kar aage badhna na hi mumkin aur na hi akalmandi ka kaam hoga. Fmn aur rukh ko kayam rakhne ki har mumkin koshish karni chahiye. Flank ki dakhal-andaji res companion ke liye chhod deni chahiye, kyon ki rukh badli karke uske khilaf karwai karna aur phir ana rukh hasil karna bahut hi mushkil hai.
27. Comd aur Cont.
Raat ko iski kafi zarurat padti hai. Iske liye Cdr ka loc aisi honi chahiye jahan se woh ladai par puri tarah cont kar sake.
28. Objective par Ladai.
Raat ke samay obj par ladne ke liye sub-unit Cdr ki pahal aur pakke irade ki khas zarurat hai, kyonki Bn Cdr aur shayad Coy Cdr ka ladai par bahut kam control hoga. Dikhao ki kami ki wajah se fire aur mov ki tactics aur achanak nikalne wale targeton par arty aur mor fire milna mumkin nahi hoga. Halat saaf taur par malum nahi hogi, kyon ki sub-unit commanders ko puri khabar nahi milegi, ki kis flank par kya ho raha hai. Is liye sectionon aur platoonon ko apne bayonet aur grenadon ka istemal karte hue us waqt tak aage badhna chahiye, jab tak ki pure obj par qabza na ho jaye.
29. Mopping Up.
Dikhao ki kami ki wajah se raat ke samay mopping up ki karwai mushkil hogi. Is liye is kaam ko jahan tak mumkin ho sake ehtiyat se kiya jaye. Hamlawar companian apne hamle ki axis par dakhalandaji karne wale shatru ko obj ke aakhir tak saaf karne ki zimmedari hai. Res companian us shatru ko, jo ki hamlawar companion ke obj par qabza kar chukne ke baad bhi dakhalandaji karta ho, barbaad karengi. Agar zaruri ho to woh flank wale shatru ko bhi saaf karne ki zimmedari hongi. Kai mauqon par bache hue chhote-chhote posn ko daba kar rakha jayega jabki pahli roshni mein unko saaf kiya jayega.
30. Raat Ke Hamle Ke Dobara Tarteeb Mein Mushkilaten.
Re-org bahut hi mushkil hai, kyon ki isko raat ke andhere mein na waqif ilaqe mein karna padega. Ismein niche di hui mushkilat pesh aati hain:-
(a) Rukh kho jana.
(b) Sp arms ko aage bulane mein mushkil.
(c) Cdr aur khas aadmion ka cas ho jana.
(d) Obj par pahunch kar bechain ho jana.
(e) Radio set kho jane ki wajah se fire sp milne mein mushkil.
(f) Andhere mein galat posn ka pakda jana.
(g) Obj ke hisse ko pahchanne mein asafalta.
31. Raat Ke Hamle Ke Dobara Tarteeb Mein Kamyabi Hasil Karne Ke Liye Usul.
Re-org mein kamyabi hasil karne ke liye niche di hui baton par dhyan dena chahiye:-
(a) Bn darze par comm dohara hona chahiye.
(b) Har ek Cdr chahe woh kitna bhi chhota kyon na ho, apni jagah lene ke liye niche wale Cdr ko taiyar rakhega aur har ek admi ko Cdr ki tazwij aur irada malum honi chahiye.
(c) Sp arms aur re-org stores ko aage lane ke bare mein saf taur se pure hukum diye jayen. Sp arms aur re-org store rukawat ke paas tak Bn bandobast se pahunch jate hain. Magar wahan se guide ke zariye aage lane ka coys ko bandobast karna chahiye, admi ko malum hona chahiye.
(d) Hukumon ke anusar coys ko jaldi se jaldi patrolein aur LP aage bhejna chahiye aur apni muqami hifazat ka bandobast karna chahiye taki shatru ke achanak hamla se bachav ho sake. Re-org ke hukum har ek admi ko malum hona chahiye.
32. Dobara Tarteeb Ki Karwaiyan.
Iske baad pahli roshni se pahle re-org ko pura karne ke liye niche di hui karwaiyan ki jani chahiye:-
(a) Sp arms aur re-org stores ko aage lane ke liye guide bhejna.
(b) Amm ki kami ko pura karna.
(c) Andhere mein jahan tak mumkin ho anti-tk, MMG, Mor aur Arty ke DF taskon ko co-ordinate karna chahiye aur pahli roshni par mukammal karna chahiye. Yeh karwai Coy aur Bn darze par lagu hai.
(d) Cas ko pichhe bhejna.
(e) Radar det aage ayegi aur svl OP kayam hoga
RELATED BLOG —